Ingrown toenails occur when the nail grows into the skin around it, leading to discomfort and pain. Typically affecting the big toe, they can lead to redness, swelling, pain, and even infection if not treated properly. Mild cases can usually be treated at home, but more severe or recurring ingrown toenails may need medical attention, including surgery.
In this post, we’ll explore the full spectrum of treatment options, from simple home remedies to minor surgical procedures.
What Causes an Ingrown Toenail?
Ingrown toenails can occur for several reasons, including:
- Cutting nails too short or rounding them improperly
- Tight-fitting shoes or socks
- Repetitive toe trauma (like kicking a ball or running)
- Genetic predisposition (some people naturally have curved nails)
- Poor foot hygiene
Early-Stage Treatment: At-Home Remedies
If caught early, when symptoms are mild (minor tenderness or swelling), you may be able to treat an ingrown toenail at home:
1. Soak Your Foot
Soak your foot in warm, soapy water or a solution of Epsom salt for 15 to 20 minutes, two to three times a day. This can help ease swelling and soften the nail, making it easier to treat.
2. Gently Lift the Nail
After soaking, carefully lift the edge of the nail and insert a small piece of cotton or dental floss underneath it. Replace daily.
3. Apply an Antiseptic
Apply a topical antiseptic e.g betadine and keep the toe covered with a dry dressing to prevent infection.
4. Wear Open-Toed or Roomy Shoes
To avoid putting pressure on the toe, wear sandals or shoes with a wide toe box.
When to See a Podiatrist: If your symptoms worsen or you notice signs of infection, like pus, intense redness, or growing pain, it’s important to get medical attention.
Medical Treatments: When Home Remedies Aren’t Enough
If the ingrown toenail becomes infected, keeps returning, or causes significant discomfort, a doctor may recommend more advanced treatment:
1. Lifting or Taping the Nail
Mild cases of ingrown toenails can usually be treated at home, but more severe or recurring ones may need medical treatment, including surgery.
2. Partial Nail Removal (Partial Nail Avulsion)
If the nail is deeply embedded and causing pain, your podiatrist may remove part of the nail under local anaesthesia. It’s a quick procedure that’s typically done right in the clinic.
- Procedure: The toe is numbed, the ingrown portion is trimmed away, and the area is cleaned.
- Recovery: Mild soreness for a few days; normal activity can resume within 24–48 hours.
- Aftercare: Soak your foot daily, apply an antibiotic ointment, and make sure to keep the toe clean and securely bandaged.
Surgical Treatment for Chronic or Severe Cases
In cases of persistent or severely infected ingrown toenails, surgical intervention may be the most effective solution. The goal of the procedure is to permanently prevent the problematic edge of the nail from growing back. This type of minor surgery is commonly performed by Specialist Podiatric Surgeon Mr. Paul Armanasco.
1. Matrixectomy (Permanent Nail Removal)
This procedure involves removing part of the nail and surgically excising the nail matrix (the root).
- Partial Matrixectomy: This procedure involves permanently removing only the affected side of the nail.
- Total Matrixectomy: This procedure involves removing the entire toenail, and it’s usually only done when the whole nail is causing ongoing issue.
Benefits:
- Prevents regrowth of the ingrown edge
- Long-term relief for chronic sufferers
- Quick procedure with minimal downtime
- Can be done under local anaesthetic or general anaesthetic for those who are not keen on needles
Risks & Considerations:
- Slight risk of infection or delayed healing
- May cause a narrower or misshapen nail appearance
- Small chance of recurrence
Post-Surgery Recovery Tips
- Keep your toe elevated for the first 24 to 48 hours to help reduce swelling and promote healing.
- Change dressings as advised
- Avoid strenuous activities for a few days
- Monitor for signs of infection
- Stay out of shoes until healed
Most individuals can resume their regular activities within a week, although complete healing may take several weeks.
Preventing Ingrown Toenails
To reduce your risk of future ingrown toenails:
- Trim nails straight across, not rounded
- Don’t cut nails too short
- Wear properly fitting shoes and socks
- Maintain foot hygiene
- Treat any foot injuries promptly
Final Thoughts
While ingrown toenails may start as a minor annoyance, they can become painful and even lead to infection if not treated properly. Early intervention can save you a lot of discomfort, but if you’re dealing with repeated or severe cases, surgical options are safe, effective, and often the best long-term solution.
If you’re struggling with a painful or recurring ingrown toenail, don’t wait—consult a podiatrist or podiatric surgeon to explore your treatment options. For expert care and lasting relief, book a consultation with Southwest Foot and Ankle Centre today and take the first step towards comfortable, healthier feet.
